Inzira zose zo kumenyekanisha gasutamo zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: kumenyekanisha, kugenzura no kurekura.
(1) Imenyekanisha ry'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga
Abatumiza ibicuruzwa n'ababitumiza mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa abakozi babyo bagomba, iyo batumiza mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu buryo bwagenwe na gasutamo mu gihe cyagenwe na gasutamo, kandi bagashyiraho ibicuruzwa bijyanye na inyandiko z'ubucuruzi, Muri icyo gihe, tanga ibyemezo byemeza kwinjiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, no kumenyekanisha gasutamo.Inyandiko z'ingenzi zimenyekanisha kuri gasutamo ni izi zikurikira:
Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga.Mubisanzwe wuzuze kopi ebyiri (gasutamo zimwe zisaba kopi eshatu zifishi yo kumenyekanisha gasutamo).Ibintu bigomba kuzuzwa mu ifishi imenyekanisha rya gasutamo bigomba kuba byuzuye, byuzuye, kandi byanditse neza, kandi amakaramu ntashobora gukoreshwa;inkingi zose ziri mu ifishi imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, aho hari kodegisi y'ibarurishamibare iteganijwe na gasutamo, kimwe n’igiciro cy’imisoro n’igipimo cy’imisoro, byuzuzwa n’imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ikaramu itukura;imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ibintu bine gusa byibicuruzwa bishobora kuzuzwa muburyo;niba bigaragaye ko ntakibazo cyangwa ibindi bihe bigomba guhindura ibikubiye muri fomu, ifishi yo guhindura igomba gushyikirizwa gasutamo mugihe gikwiye.
Ifishi imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Mubisanzwe wuzuze kopi ebyiri (gasutamo zimwe zisaba kopi eshatu).Ibisabwa kugirango wuzuze ifishi ahanini ni nkibya fomu imenyekanisha rya gasutamo kubicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga.Niba imenyekanisha atari ryo cyangwa ibikubiyemo bigomba guhinduka ariko bidahinduwe ku bushake kandi ku gihe, kandi ibicuruzwa biva muri gasutamo bibaho nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ishami rimenyesha gasutamo rigomba kunyura mu nzira zo gukosora hamwe na gasutamo mu minsi itatu.
Inyandiko zitwara ibicuruzwa n’ubucuruzi zatanzwe kugirango zigenzurwe na imenyekanisha rya gasutamo.Ibicuruzwa byose bitumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga byanyuze kuri gasutamo bigomba kohereza impapuro zimenyekanisha za gasutamo zuzuye icyarimwe, zigatanga ibyangombwa by’imizigo n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo bigenzurwe, byemere gasutamo kugira ngo bigenzure niba inyandiko zinyuranye zihuye, kandi zishyireho kashe kashe nyuma yubugenzuzi bwa gasutamo, Nkikimenyetso cyo gufata cyangwa gutanga ibicuruzwa.Inyandiko zitwara ibicuruzwa n’ubucuruzi zatanzwe kugirango zigenzurwe icyarimwe n’imenyekanisha rya gasutamo zirimo: fagitire yo gutumiza mu nyanja ibicuruzwa;fagitire yohereza mu nyanja ibicuruzwa (bigomba gushyirwaho kashe n’ishami rimenyesha gasutamo);inzira y'ubutaka n'ikirere;Ikidodo c'ishami rimenyesha gasutamo kirakenewe, n'ibindi);urutonde rwo gupakira ibicuruzwa (umubare wa kopi uhwanye na fagitire, kandi hasabwa kashe y’ishami rimenyesha gasutamo), n'ibindi. Igikwiye gusobanurwa ni uko niba gasutamo ibona ko ari ngombwa, ishami rimenyesha gasutamo rigomba ohereza kandi kugenzura amasezerano yubucuruzi, ikarita yo gutumiza, icyemezo cyinkomoko, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byishimira kugabanya imisoro, gusonerwa cyangwa gusonerwa kugenzura ukurikije amabwiriza bigomba gukurikizwa kuri gasutamo no kuzuza ibyangombwa, hanyuma bigatanga ibyangombwa ibyangombwa byemeza hamwe na fomu yo kumenyekanisha gasutamo.
Kuzana ibicuruzwa (kohereza hanze) uruhushya rwo gutwara imizigo.Sisitemu yimpushya zo gutumiza no kohereza hanze nuburyo bwo kurinda ubuyobozi bwo gucunga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.igihugu cyanjye, kimwe n’ibihugu byinshi ku isi, nacyo gikoresha ubu buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa imicungire yuzuye y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Ibicuruzwa bigomba gushyikirizwa gasutamo kugirango impushya zo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga ntabwo zishyirwaho, ariko zirahindurwa kandi zigatangazwa n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu bubifitiye ububasha igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.Ibicuruzwa byose bigomba gusaba impushya zo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’igihugu bigomba gutanga impushya zo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga zitangwa n’ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo zigenzurwe mu gihe cyo kumenyekanisha gasutamo, kandi zishobora kurekurwa nyuma yo gutsinda igenzura rya gasutamo. .Icyakora, amasosiyete atumiza mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga akorana na Minisiteri y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga, amasosiyete y’inganda n’ubucuruzi akorana n’amashami yemejwe n’inama y’igihugu kugira ngo akore ubucuruzi bw’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’amasosiyete atumiza no kohereza mu mahanga akorera mu ntara; ., Bifatwa nk'uruhushya, rusonewe kubona uruhushya rwo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kandi rushobora gutangariza gasutamo gusa impapuro zabugenewe za gasutamo;gusa iyo gukora ibicuruzwa hanze yubucuruzi bwinjira n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze bikenera gutanga uruhushya rwo kugenzura.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura no gushyira mu kato: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura no gusohoka n’ikigo cya karantine n’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo bashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo gutumiza gasutamo kugira ngo bugenzurwe n’ibicuruzwa biva mu kato kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2000. Uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo ni “ubanza kugenzura, hanyuma imenyekanisha rya gasutamo. ”.Muri icyo gihe, ishami ryinjira-risohoka n’ishami rya karantine bizakoresha kashe nshya nicyemezo.
Sisitemu nshya yo kugenzura no gushyira mu kato ikora “ubugenzuzi butatu muri bumwe” ku cyahoze ari Biro ishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’ubuzima, Biro y’amatungo n’ibimera, hamwe n’ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa, kandi igashyira mu bikorwa byuzuye “igenzura rimwe, icyitegererezo rimwe, igenzura rimwe kandi akato, isuku rimwe no kurwanya udukoko, gukusanya inshuro imwe, no kugabura inshuro imwe. ”"Kurekura ufite icyemezo" hamwe nuburyo bushya bwo kugenzura no gushyira mu kato "icyambu kimwe ku isi".Kandi kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2000, “urupapuro rwinjira mu bicuruzwa byinjira muri gasutamo” n '“urupapuro rwo gutumiza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga” bizakoreshwa ku bicuruzwa bigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga, kandi kashe idasanzwe yo kugenzura no gushyira mu kato izashyirwa kuri gasutamo. Ifishi yemewe.Ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (harimo n'ibicuruzwa bitwara abantu n'ibintu) mu rwego rw'urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kugenzurwa no gushyirwa mu kato n'ibigo bishinzwe kugenzura no gushyira mu kato, gasutamo igomba gushingira ku “Ifishi y'ibicuruzwa byinjira” cyangwa “Ibicuruzwa biva hanze. Ifishi yemewe ”yatanzwe na Biro yinjira-isohoka na Biro ya Karantine aho ibicuruzwa byatangarijwe.Igenzura no kurekura "Ingaragu", guhagarika "kugenzura ibicuruzwa, kugenzura inyamaswa n’ibimera, kugenzura ubuzima" muburyo bwo kurekura, icyemezo no gushyira kashe ya kashe ku ifishi imenyekanisha rya gasutamo.Muri icyo gihe, igenzura ryinjira-risohoka hamwe n’icyemezo cy’akato byatangijwe ku mugaragaro, kandi ibyemezo byatanzwe mbere mu izina rya “ubugenzuzi butatu” byose byahagaritswe kuva ku ya 1 Mata 2000.
Muri icyo gihe, guhera mu 2000, mugihe hasinywe amasezerano ninzandiko zinguzanyo mubihugu byamahanga, sisitemu nshya igomba gukurikizwa.
Gasutamo isaba ishami rimenyesha gasutamo gutanga “urupapuro rwinjira mu bicuruzwa byinjira muri gasutamo” cyangwa “impapuro zisohoka mu bicuruzwa”.Ku ruhande rumwe, ni ukugenzura niba ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe n'amategeko byagenzuwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko;ishingiro.Dukurikije “Itegeko rya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ryerekeye kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga” na “Urutonde rw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigenzurwa n’ibigo bishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa”, ibicuruzwa byose bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byashyizwe ku rutonde “Urutonde rw’ibyiciro” kugira ngo biteganijwe n'amategeko. ubugenzuzi bugomba gushyikirizwa ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa mbere yo kumenyekanisha gasutamo.raporo yo kugenzura.Mugihe cyo kumenyekanisha gasutamo, kubicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, gasutamo igomba kugenzura no kubyemera hamwe na kashe iri ku ifishi imenyekanisha ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa.
Usibye inyandiko zavuzwe haruguru, ku bindi bicuruzwa bigenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biteganijwe na Leta, ishami rishinzwe kumenyekanisha gasutamo rigomba no gushyikiriza gasutamo inyandiko zemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byatanzwe n'ishami ry'igihugu ribishinzwe, kandi gasutamo izabikora kurekura ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gutsinda igenzura.Nkugenzura ibiyobyabwenge, gushyira umukono kumasezerano y’ibisigisigi by’umuco, gucunga zahabu, ifeza n’ibicuruzwa byayo, gucunga inyamaswa z’agaciro zo mu gasozi kandi zidasanzwe, gucunga ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga siporo yo kurasa, guhiga imbunda n’amasasu hamwe n’ibisasu bya gisivili, gucunga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga y'ibicuruzwa bifata amajwi-amashusho, nibindi Urutonde.
(2) Kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga
Ibicuruzwa byose byatumijwe mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kugenzurwa na gasutamo, usibye ibyemejwe bidasanzwe n'Ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo.Intego y'ubugenzuzi ni ukugenzura niba ibikubiye mu nyandiko zimenyekanisha kuri gasutamo bihuye no kugera kw'ibicuruzwa nyirizina, niba hari ibitagenda neza, kutirengagiza, guhisha, gutanga raporo y'ibinyoma, n'ibindi, no gusuzuma niba ibyoherezwa mu mahanga na kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga biremewe.
Kugenzura ibicuruzwa na gasutamo bikorwa mu gihe cyagenwe na gasutamo.Niba hari impamvu zidasanzwe, gasutamo irashobora kohereza abakozi kubaza hanze yigihe cyagenwe n’ahantu babanje kubyemererwa na gasutamo.Abasaba akazi bagomba gutanga ingendo-shuri hamwe n'amacumbi kandi bakayishyura.
Iyo gasutamo igenzura ibicuruzwa, uwakiriye nuhereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa abakozi bayo basabwa kuba bahari kandi bafite inshingano zo gucunga ibicuruzwa, gupakurura no kugenzura ibicuruzwa bipakiye hakurikijwe ibisabwa na gasutamo.Iyo gasutamo isanze ari ngombwa, irashobora gukora igenzura, kongera kugenzura cyangwa gufata icyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa.Ushinzwe ibicuruzwa agomba kuba ari umutangabuhamya.
Iyo igenzura ibicuruzwa, iyo ibicuruzwa biri kugenzurwa byangiritse kubera inshingano z’abakozi ba gasutamo, gasutamo igomba kwishyura umuburanyi bireba igihombo cy’ubukungu mu buryo butaziguye hakurikijwe amabwiriza.Uburyo bw'indishyi: Umukozi wa gasutamo yuzuza ukuri “Raporo ya gasutamo ya Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ku kugenzura ibicuruzwa n’ibintu byangiritse” mu buryo bubiri, kandi ushinzwe ubugenzuzi n’ishyaka bireba bazashyiraho umukono kandi babike kopi imwe kuri buri.Impande zombi zunze ubumwe ku rwego rw’ibyangiritse ku bicuruzwa cyangwa ikiguzi cyo gusana (bibaye ngombwa, birashobora kugenwa n’icyemezo cy’isuzuma cyatanzwe n’ikigo cya noteri), kandi umubare w’indishyi ugenwa hashingiwe ku misoro yatanzwe; agaciro kemejwe na gasutamo.Umubare w'indishyi umaze kugenwa, Gasutamo igomba kuzuza no gutanga “Itangazo ry'indishyi ku bicuruzwa byangiritse n'ingingo za gasutamo ya Repubulika y'Ubushinwa”.Guhera ku munsi wakiriyeho "Amatangazo", umuburanyi agomba, mu mezi atatu, yakira indishyi ziva muri gasutamo cyangwa akamenyesha gasutamo ya konti ya banki kwimurwa, gasutamo yarengeje igihe ntizongera kwishyura.Indishyi zose zizishyurwa amafaranga
(3) Kurekura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga no kohereza hanze
Kubimenyesha gasutamo y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, nyuma yo gusuzuma inyandiko zerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo, kugenzura ibicuruzwa nyirizina, no kunyura mu buryo bwo gukusanya imisoro cyangwa kugabanya imisoro no gusonerwa, nyir'ibicuruzwa cyangwa intumwa ye ashobora gushyira umukono ku kashe ko kurekura ibyangombwa.Tora cyangwa wohereze ibicuruzwa.Kuri ubu, kugenzura gasutamo yo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bifatwa nkaho byarangiye.
Byongeye kandi, niba ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa bikenera gukoreshwa bidasanzwe na gasutamo kubera impamvu zitandukanye, barashobora gusaba gasutamo kugirango barekurwe ku ngwate.Gasutamo ifite amabwiriza asobanutse kurwego nuburyo bwo gutanga ingwate.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-14-2022