Nzira yose yebasa rekuzivisa tsika yakakamurwa kuita matanho matatu: kuzivisa, kuongorora uye kusunungurwa.
(1) Chiziviso chekupinza uye kunze kwenyika zvinhu
Vanotakura uye vanotakura zvinhu zvekunze nekunze kana vamiririri vavo, pavanenge vachiunza uye kutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, vanozadza fomu rekuzivisa uye kutumira kunze kwenyika nenzira yakatemwa netsika mukati menguva yakatarwa netsika, uye vanobatanidza kutumira kwakakodzera uye magwaro ekutengeserana, Panguva imwecheteyo, ipa zvitupa zvekubvumidza kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvinhu, uye kuzivisa kune tsika.Mapepa makuru ekuziviswa kwetsika ndeaya anotevera:
Customs declaration yezvakatengwa kunze kwenyika.Kazhinji zadza makopi maviri (dzimwe tsika dzinoda makopi matatu efomu rekuzivisa tsika).Zvinhu zvinofanira kuzadzwa mufomu rekuzivisa tsika zvinofanira kuva zvakarurama, zvakakwana, uye zvakanyorwa zvakajeka, uye mapenzura haagoni kushandiswa;makoramu ese ari mufomu rekuzivisa nezvetsika, kana paine nhamba dzenhamba dzakatarwa netsika, pamwe nekodhi yemitero uye mutero, ichazadzwa nemuzivisi wetsika nepeni dzvuku;chiziviso chetsika chega chega Zvinhu zvina chete zvezvinhu zvinogona kuzadzwa mufomu;kana zvikaonekwa kuti hapana mamiriro ezvinhu kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuchinja zvinyorwa zvefomu, fomu yekushandura inofanira kuendeswa kune tsika panguva yakakodzera.
Fomu yekuzivisa Customs yezvinhu kunze kwenyika.Kazhinji zadza makopi maviri (dzimwe tsika dzinoda makopi matatu).Zvinodiwa pakuzadza fomu zvakangofanana nezviya zvefomu rekuzivisa nezvetsika yezvinhu zvinobva kunze kwenyika.Kana chiziviso chisina kururama kana kuti zvinyorwa zvinoda kuchinjwa asi zvisiri zvekuzvidira uye nenguva yakashandurwa, uye kubvumirwa kwetsika kunoitika mushure mekuzivisa kunze kwenyika, chikwata chekuzivisa tsika chinofanirwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa maitiro netsika mukati memazuva matatu.
Zvinyorwa zvekutakura uye zvekutengesa zvakatumirwa kuti zviongororwe nechirevo chetsika.Chero zvinhu zvekupinza uye kunze kwenyika zvinopfuura nemutsika zvinofanirwa kuendesa fomu rakazadzikiswa rekuzivisa tsika kutsika panguva imwe chete, kuendesa magwaro akakodzera ekutakura uye ekutengesa kuti aongororwe, kugamuchira tsika dzekutarisa kana magwaro akasiyana-siyana achienderana, uye chidhindo. chisimbiso mushure mekuongororwa kwetsika, Sehumbowo hwekunhonga kana kuendesa zvinhu.Zvinyorwa zvekutakura uye zvekutengeserana zvakatumirwa kuti zviongororwe panguva imwe chete sechiziviso chetsika chinosanganisira: gungwa rekutakura bhiri rekutakura;gungwa rekutengesa kunze bhiri rekutakura (rinoda kudhindwa neiyo customs declaration unit);nyika nemhepo waybills;Chisimbiso chechikwata chekuzivisa tsika chinodiwa, nezvimwewo);rondedzero yekutakura zvinhu (nhamba yemakopi yakaenzana neinvoice, uye chisimbiso chetsika yekuzivisa tsika inodiwa), nezvimwe. Chinoda kutsanangurwa ndechekuti kana tsika dzichiona zvakakodzera, chikamu chekuzivisa tsika chinofanira. tumirawo kuti iongororwe chibvumirano chekutengeserana, kadhi reodha, chitupa chekwakabva, nezvimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvinonakidzwa nekuderedzwa kwemutero, kuregererwa kana kuregererwa kwekuongorora zvinoenderana nemirau inofanirwa kushanda kune tsika uye kupedzisa mafomu, uye wozoendesa zvakakodzera. magwaro etifiketi pamwe chete nefomu yekuzivisa tsika.
Import (export) rezinesi rekutakura zvinhu.Iyo rezinesi rezinesi rekunze nekunze inzira yekudzivirira yekutonga manejimendi ekutengesa kunze uye kunze kwenyika.nyika yangu, senyika zhinji pasirese, zvakare inotora iyi sisitimu yekushandisa yakazara manejimendi yekupinza uye kutumira kunze zvinhu uye zvinyorwa.Zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuendeswa kune tsika dzekuunza uye kutumira marezenisi hazvina kugadzikiswa, asi zvinogadziriswa uye zvinoziviswa neane masimba ehurumende zviremera chero nguva.Zvese zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kunyorera marezenisi ekunze uye kunze kwenyika zvinoenderana nemirairo yenyika zvinofanirwa kuendesa marezenisi ekunze uye ekunze anopihwa nebazi rezvekutengeserana kunze kwenyika kuti aongororwe panguva yekuziviswa kwetsika, uye anogona chete kuburitswa mushure mekupfuura ongororo yetsika. .Nekudaro, makambani ekunze nekunze akabatana neBazi reKune dzimwe nyika Economic and Trade Cooperation, maindasitiri nemakambani ekutengeserana akabatana nemapazi akabvumidzwa neState Council kuita bhizinesi rekunze nekunze, uye makambani ekunze nekutengesa kunze akabatana nemapurovhinzi. (makanzuru akananga pasi peHurumende yeCentral uye matunhu anozvitonga) kupinza uye kutumira kunze zvinhu mukati meiyo yakabvumidzwa bhizinesi., Inofungidzirwa kuti iwane rezinesi, isingabhadharwi kuwana rezinesi yekunze uye kunze kwenyika zvinhu, uye inogona kuzivisa kune tsika chete nefomu yekuzivisa tsika;chete kana zvinhu zvichishanda zviri kunze kwechikamu chekupinza nekutengesa kunze kwenyika ndipo pazvinoda kuendesa rezinesi kuti zviongororwe.
Inspection and Quarantine System: National Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau neGeneral Administration of Customs vakashandisa hurongwa hutsva hwekubvisa tsika dzekunze (custos clearance system) kuti vaongororwe uye vagoisa zvinhu zvega kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2000. Nzira yekubvisa tsika ndeyekutanga kuongorora, kozoti kuziviswa kwetsika. ”.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekupinda-yekubuda yekuongorora uye yekuvharirwa dhipatimendi ichashandisa chisimbiso chitsva nechitupa.
Iyo nyowani yekuongorora uye yekuvharirwa system inoita "kuongorora katatu mune imwe" kweyaimbova Health Inspection Bureau, Animal and Plant Bureau, uye Commodity Inspection Bureau, uye inoshandisa zvizere "kuongorora-kamwe chete, sampling imwe-nguva, kuongorora kamwe chete uye kuvharirwa, kucheneswa kwetsvina uye kudzora zvipembenene, kuunganidza muripo kamwe chete, uye kugovera kamwe chete.”"Sunungura nechitupa" uye iyo nyowani yekuongorora yepasirese uye yekugadzika modhi ye "chiteshi chimwe kune kunze kwenyika".Uye kubva muna Ndira 1, 2000, "fomu rekubvumidza zvinhu zvekupinda" uye "fomu rekuregererwa kwezvinhu" richashandiswa kune zvinhu zviri pasi pekupinzwa kunze uye kuvharirwa kunze, uye chisimbiso chakakosha chekuongorora uye kuvharirwa chichanamirwa patsika. clearance form.Zvekupinza uye kutumira kunze zvinhu (kusanganisira zvinhu zvekufambisa) mukati mechikamu chekatalogi yezvekupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika zvichienderana nekuongororwa uye kuvharirwa nekuongororwa uye kuvharirwa masangano, tsika dzinoenderana ne "Inouya Yekucheneswa Kwezvinhu Form" kana "Outbound Goods. Clearance Form” rakapihwa neEntry-Exit Inspection uye Quarantine Bureau panzvimbo inoziviswa zvinhu."Imwechete" yekuongorora uye kusunungura, kudzima chepakutanga "kuongorora kwezvinhu, kuongorora mhuka nezvirimwa, kuongororwa kwehutano" nenzira yekuburitsa fomu, chitupa uye kudhinda chitambi chekuburitsa pafomu rekuzivisa tsika.Panguva imwecheteyo, yekupinda-yekubuda yekuongorora uye zvitupa zvekugara zvakatangwa zviri pamutemo, uye zvitupa zvakapihwa pakutanga muzita re "kuongorora katatu" zvese zvakamiswa kubva Kubvumbi 1, 2000.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kubvira 2000, pakusaina zvibvumirano uye tsamba dzechikwereti kune dzimwe nyika, hurongwa hutsva hunofanira kuteverwa.
Tsika dzinoda kuti chikamu chekuzivisa tsika kuti chibudise fomu re "entry goods customs clearance form" kana "kubuda kwecustoms clearance form".Nekune rimwe divi, ndere kuona kuti zvinhu zvekuongorora zviri pamutemo zvakaongororwa here nesangano rinoongorora zvinhu zviri pamutemo;hwaro.Zvinoenderana ne "Mutemo wePeople's Republic of China pamusoro peKupinza uye Export Commodity Inspection" uye "Rondedzero Yekupinza uye Export Commodities Zvinotarisirwa Kuongororwa neCommodity Inspection Institutions", zvese zvekupinza uye kunze kwenyika zvakanyorwa mu "Chikamu Chinyorwa" chemutemo. kuongororwa kuchaendeswa kune commodity inspection agency isati yaziviswa tsika.report kuti iongororwe.Panguva yekuziviswa kwetsika, yekunze uye kutengesa zvinhu, tsika dzinofanira kutarisa nekuzvigamuchira nechitambi chakanamirwa pafomu rekuzivisa zvinhu kunze kwenyika rakapihwa nesangano rekuongorora zvinhu.
Pamusoro pemagwaro ataurwa pamusoro, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvekupinza uye kunze kwenyika zvinotemerwa nenyika, chikamu chekuzivisa tsika chinofanirwawo kuendesa kune tsika magwaro ekubvumidza zvinhu zvekupinza uye kunze kwenyika akapihwa nedhipatimendi renyika. kusunungura zvinhu mushure mekupfuura kuongororwa.Zvakadai sekuongorora zvinodhaka, kusaina kunze kwenyika zvisaririra zvetsika, manejimendi egoridhe, sirivheri uye zvigadzirwa zvayo, manejimendi emhuka dzesango dzinokosha uye dzisingawanzo kuwanikwa, manejimendi ekunze uye kunze kwenyika kwemitambo yekupfura, pfuti dzekuvhima nepfuti uye zvinoputika zvevagari, manejimendi ekunze uye kunze kwenyika. zvezvinonzwika-zvinoonekwa zvigadzirwa, nezvimwe. Rondedzero.
(2) Kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvekunze uye kunze kwenyika
Zvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika zvichaongororwa netsika, kunze kweiyo yakatenderwa zvakanyanya neGeneral Administration yeCustoms.Chinangwa chekuongorora ndechekuona kana izvo zviri mugwaro rekuzivisa kwetsika zvinopindirana nekuuya chaiko kwemidziyo, kana paine kutaurwa zvisirizvo, kusiiwa, kuvanza, kutaura kwenhema, nezvimwewo, uye kuongorora kana kupinza uye kunze kwenyika zvinhu zviri pamutemo.
Kuongororwa kwezvinhu netsika kuchaitwa panguva uye nzvimbo inotsanangurwa netsika.Kana pane zvikonzero zvakakosha, tsika dzinogona kutumira vashandi kuti vabvunze kunze kwenguva yakatarwa nenzvimbo nemvumo yekutanga yetsika.Vanyoreri vanofanirwa kupa zvekufambisa-kuenda nekudzoka uye pekugara uye kuzvibhadharira.
Kana tsika dzichiongorora zvinhu, mugamuchiri uye mutakuri wezvinhu kana vamiririri vavo vanofanirwa kuvepo uye kuve nemutoro wekubata kufamba kwezvinhu, kuburitsa uye kutarisa kurongedza kwezvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa netsika.Kana tsika dzichiona zvakakodzera, dzinogona kuongorora, kuongororazve kana kutora sampuli dzezvinhu.Mutarisiri wezvinhu achavepo sechapupu.
Paunenge uchiongorora zvinhu, kana zvinhu zviri kuongororwa zvakakuvadzwa nekuda kwebasa revakuru vetsika, tsika dzichabhadhara bato rine chekuita nekurasikirwa kwehupfumi zvakananga maererano nemitemo.Muripo wemuripo: Mukuru wezvekubuda kwezvinhu anozadza zvechokwadi "Chirevo cheCustoms yePeople's Republic of China pamusoro peKuongorora Zvinhu uye Zvinhu Zvakakuvadzwa" mune zvakapetwa, uye mukuru anoongorora nebato rine chekuita vachasaina nekuchengeta kopi imwe yega yega.Mapato maviri aya anobvumirana pamwe chete pamusoro pehuwandu hwekukuvadzwa kwezvinhu kana mutengo wekugadzirisa (kana zvichidikanwa, zvinogona kutariswa nechitupa chekuongorora chakapihwa nesangano renyanzvi), uye huwandu hwemuripo hunotarwa zvichienderana nemutero wakabhadharwa. kukosha kunobvumirwa netsika.Mushure mekunge huwandu hwemuripo hwatemerwa, Tsika dzichazadza nekupa "Chiziviso cheMuripo weZvinhu Zvakakuvadzwa uye Zvinyorwa zveCustoms yePeople's Republic of China".Kubva pazuva rekugamuchira "Chiziviso", bato, mukati memwedzi mitatu, richawana muripo kubva kuCustoms kana kuzivisa iyo Tsika yeakaundi yebhangi kuti iendesweMuripo wese uchabhadharwa muRMB.
(3) Kuburitswa kwekunze uye kunze kwezvinhu
Nekuda kwechiziviso chetsika chekupinza uye kutumira kunze zvinhu, mushure mekuongorora magwaro ekuzivisa kwetsika, kuongorora zvinhu chaizvo, uye kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuunganidza mutero kana kuderedzwa kwemutero uye kuregererwa, muridzi wezvinhu kana mumiriri wake anogona kusaina chisimbiso chekuburitswa pa. magwaro akakodzera.Kutora kana kutumira zvinhu.Panguva ino, kutariswa kwetsika dzekunze uye kunze kwenyika kunoonekwa kunge kwapera.
Pamusoro pezvo, kana zvinhu zvekupinza uye kunze kwenyika zvichida kubatwa kwakakosha netsika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, vanogona kunyorera kune tsika kuti vasunungurwe pane garandi.Tsika dzine mitemo yakajeka pachiyero uye nzira yekuvimbisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-14-2022