Yonke inqubo yomsebenzi wokumemezela amasiko ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: isimemezelo, ukuhlolwa nokukhululwa.
(1) Isimemezelo sokungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa izimpahla
Abathumeli kanye nabathumeli bezimpahla zokungenisa kanye nokuthumela ngaphandle noma ama-ejenti abo, lapho bengenisa futhi bethumela izimpahla, bagcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sempahla engenisiwe kanye neyokuthekelisa ngendlela enqunywe amasiko ngaphakathi komkhawulo wesikhathi oshiwo yi-Customs, futhi banamathisele ukuthunyelwa okufanele kanye imibhalo yezentengiselwano, Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlinzeka ngezitifiketi zokugunyaza ukungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwezimpahla, kanye nokumemezela kumasiko.Imibhalo esemqoka yesimemezelo sempahla edayiswayo imi kanje:
Isimemezelo seCustoms sempahla engenisiwe.Ngokujwayelekile gcwalisa amakhophi amabili (amanye amasiko adinga amakhophi amathathu efomu lesimemezelo sentela).Izinto okufanele zigcwaliswe efomini lesimemezelo sentela kufanele zinembile, ziphelele, futhi zibhalwe ngokucacile, futhi amapensela angeke asetshenziswe;wonke amakholomu efomini lesimemezelo sentela, lapho kukhona amakhodi ezibalo ashiwo yimithetho yentela, kanye nekhodi yentela kanye nesilinganiso sentela, azogcwaliswa ngummemezeli wentela ngepeni elibomvu;isimemezelo ngasinye sempahla engenisiwe Zine kuphela izinto ezingagcwaliswa efomini;uma kutholakala ukuthi asikho isimo noma ezinye izimo ezidinga ukuguqula okuqukethwe kwefomu, ifomu lokushintsha kufanele lihanjiswe kumasiko ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ifomu lesimemezelo seCustoms lezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.Ngokuvamile gcwalisa amakhophi amabili (amanye amasiko adinga amakhophi amathathu).Izidingo zokugcwalisa ifomu ziyafana nalezo zefomu lesimemezelo sempahla engenisiwe.Uma isimemezelo singalungile noma okuqukethwe kudinga ukushintshwa kodwa kungashintshiwe ngokuzithandela nangesikhathi esifanele, futhi imvume yenkambiso kwenzeka ngemva kwesimemezelo sokuthekelisa, iyunithi yokumenyezelwa kwentela kufanele idlule ezinqubweni zokulungisa namasiko zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu.
Izimpahla ezithunyelwayo nezohwebo zithunyelwe ukuze zihlolwe ngesimemezelo sempahla ephumayo.Noma yiziphi izimpahla zokungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa ngaphandle ezidlula kuCustoms kufanele zilethe ifomu eligcwalisiwe lesimemezelo sempahla engenayo kanye nempahla ethengiswayo ezweni ngesikhathi esifanayo, zilethe imibhalo efanele yezimpahla kanye nezohwebo ukuze zihlolwe, zamukele amasiko ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi imibhalo ehlukahlukene iyahambisana yini, futhi isigxivizo uphawu ngemva kokuhlolwa kwempahla, Njengobufakazi bokuthatha noma ukulethwa kwezimpahla.Imibhalo yempahla kanye neyezohwebo ethunyelwe ukuze ihlolwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nesimemezelo sempahla engenayo nempahla engenayo ihlanganisa: i-sea import bill of lading;i-sea export bill of lading (idinga ukugxivizwa yiyunithi yokumemezela intela);ama-waybills omhlaba nomoya;Kudingeka uphawu lweyunithi yesimemezelo senkambiso, njll.);uhlu lokupakishwa kwezimpahla (inani lamakhophi lilingana ne-invoyisi, futhi kudingeka uphawu lweyunithi yesimemezelo sempahla), njll. Okudinga ukuchazwa ukuthi uma inkambiso ibona kudingekile, iyunithi yokumemezela intela kufanele futhi balethe ukuze ihlolwe inkontileka yohwebo, ikhadi le-oda, isitifiketi semvelaphi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpahla ezijabulela ukuncishiswa kwentela, ukukhululwa noma ukukhululwa ekuhlolweni ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo kufanele zisebenze kuCustoms futhi zigcwalise okusemthethweni, bese zihambisa ezifanele. imibhalo yesitifiketi kanye nefomu lesimemezelo sentela.
Ilayisensi yokungenisa (thekelisa) yempahla.Uhlelo lwelayisense yezimpahla zokungenisa nokuthekelisa ziyindlela yokuvikela yokuphatha yokuphatha ukuhwebelana nokuthumela ngaphandle.Izwe lami, njengamazwe amaningi emhlabeni, liphinde lamukela lolu hlelo ukuze lusebenzise ukuphathwa okuphelele kokungenisa nokuthekelisa kwezimpahla nama-athikili.Izimpahla okufanele zihanjiswe kumasiko ukuze uthole amalayisense okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle azinqunyelwe, kodwa ziyalungiswa futhi zimenyezelwe yiziphathimandla zikazwelonke ezinekhono nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Zonke izimpahla okufanele zifake izicelo zamalayisense okungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa ngokwemithetho kazwelonke kufanele zilethe amalayisense okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle akhishwe umnyango wokuphatha uhwebo lwangaphandle ukuze zihlolwe ngesikhathi sokumenyezelwa kwentela, futhi zingakhululwa kuphela ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwempahla. .Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ezixhumene noMnyango Wezohwebo Nezohwebo, izinkampani zezimboni nezohwebo ezixhumene neminyango egunyazwe uMkhandlu Kazwelonke ukuthi ibambe iqhaza ebhizinisini lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, kanye nezinkampani zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ezixhumene nezifundazwe. (omasipala ngokuqondile ngaphansi kukaHulumeni Omkhulu kanye nezifunda ezizimele) ukungenisa nokuthekelisa impahla ngaphakathi komkhakha webhizinisi ogunyaziwe., Kuthathwa ngokuthi kutholwe ilayisense, kukhululwe ekutholeni ilayisense yokungenisa nokuthekelisa impahla, futhi kungamemezela kuCustoms kuphela ngefomu lesimemezelo sentela;kuphela lapho izinto ezisebenzayo ezingaphandle komkhakha webhizinisi lokungenisa nokuthekelisa lidinga ukuhambisa ilayisensi ukuze ihlolwe.
Uhlelo Lokuhlola Nokuhlukaniswa: I-National Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau kanye ne-General Administration of Customs basebenzise uhlelo olusha lokugunyazwa kwentela ukuze bahlolwe futhi bahlukaniselwe izimpahla kusukela ngo-January 1, 2000. Imodi yokugunyazwa kwempahla “iwukuhlola kuqala, bese kuba isimemezelo sempahla ephumayo. ”.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umnyango wokuhlola ukuphuma nokuhlukaniswa uzosebenzisa uphawu olusha nesitifiketi.
Uhlelo olusha lokuhlola kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu lwenza “ukuhlola okuthathu endaweni eyodwa” ye-Health Inspection Bureau, I-Animal and Plant Bureau, kanye ne-Commodity Inspection Bureau, futhi lisebenzisa ngokugcwele “ukuhlola okukodwa, ukusampula kanye, ukuhlola kanye ukuvalelwa yedwa, ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nokulawula izinambuzane, ukuqoqwa kwenkokhelo kanye kanye nokusabalalisa kanye.”"Khipha ngesitifiketi" kanye nemodi entsha yokuhlolwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemodi yokuvalelwa "yechweba elilodwa eliya emhlabeni wangaphandle".Futhi kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2000, "ifomu lokugunyazwa kwempahla engenisiwe" kanye "nefomu lokugunyazwa kwempahla ephumayo" lizosetshenziswa ezimpahleni ezingaphansi kokuvalelwa ngaphandle nokuthumela ngaphandle, futhi uphawu olukhethekile lokuhlolwa nokuvalelwa luzonamathiselwa emithethweni yempahla. ifomu lokusula.Ngezimpahla ezingenisiwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle (okuhlanganisa nezimpahla zokuthutha umphakathi) ngaphakathi kobubanzi bekhathalogi yezimpahla ezingeniswayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphansi kokuhlolwa nokuvalelwa nge-ejensi yokuhlola kanye ne-quarantine, inkambiso iyoncika “Efomini Lokusulwa Kwezimpahla Ezingenayo” noma “Izimpahla Eziphumayo. Ifomu Lokusula” elikhishwe yi-Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau endaweni lapho izimpahla zimenyezelwa khona.Ukuhlolwa nokukhishwa “okukodwa”, ukukhansela “ukuhlolwa kwempahla, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane nezitshalo, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo” ngendlela yefomu lokukhululwa, isitifiketi nokugxiviza isitembu sokukhululwa efomini lesimemezelo sentela.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlolwa kokungena kanye nezitifiketi zokuvalelwa kwethulwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi izitifiketi ezazikhishwe ekuqaleni egameni "lokuhlolwa okuthathu" zayekwa zonke kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1, 2000.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-2000, lapho kusayinwa izinkontileka nezincwadi zezikweletu emazweni angaphandle, kufanele kulandelwe uhlelo olusha.
Imithetho yentela idinga ukuthi iyunithi yesimemezelo sentela ukuthi ikhiphe “ifomu lemvume yempahla engenisiwe” noma “ifomu lokuphuma kwempahla edayiswayo”.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuwukugada ukuthi izimpahla zokuhlolwa okusemthethweni zihloliwe yini yi-ejensi yokuhlola impahla esemthethweni;isisekelo.Ngokuya “Ngokomthetho WeRiphabhulikhi Yabantu Yase-China Ekuhlolweni Kwempahla Engenayo Nokuthekelisa” kanye “Nohlu Lwezimpahla Ezingenisiwe Nezithekelisa Ezingaphansi Kokuhlolwa Izikhungo Zokuhlola Impahla”, zonke izimpahla zokungenisa nokuthekelisa ezisohlwini “Lohlu Lwesigaba” ngokomthetho. ukuhlolwa kuzothunyelwa ejensi yokuhlola impahla ngaphambi kokumenyezelwa kwentela.umbiko ukuze uhlolwe.Ngesikhathi sokumenyezelwa kwempahla engenisiwe, impahla engenayo kanye nokuthekelisa, amasiko kufanele ahlole futhi azamukele ngesigxivizo esinamathiselwe efomini lesimemezelo sempahla ephumayo ekhishwe yi-ejensi yokuhlola impahla.
Ukwengeza emibhalweni eshiwo ngenhla, kwezinye izimpahla zokulawula ukungeniswa kanye nokuthekelisa ezishiwo nguhulumeni, uphiko lokumenyezelwa kwezimpahla ezingenayo impahla engenayo kufanele futhi lithumele kubathengi imibhalo ethile yokugunyaza ukungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwempahla ekhishwe umnyango kazwelonke onekhono, kanye nentela khulula izimpahla ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa.Njengokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa, ukusayinwa kwamanye amazwe izinsalela zamasiko, ukuphathwa kwegolide, isiliva nemikhiqizo yalo, ukuphathwa kwezilwane zasendle eziyigugu nezingavamile, ukuphathwa kokungenisa nokuthekelisa ngaphandle kwemidlalo yokudubula, izibhamu zokuzingela nezinhlamvu neziqhumane zomphakathi, ukuphatha ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. lemikhiqizo yokulalelwayo nokubukwayo, njll. Uhlu.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle
Zonke izimpahla ezingenisiwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle zizohlolwa ngamasiko, ngaphandle kwalezo ezigunyazwe ngokukhethekile yiGeneral Administration of Customs.Inhloso yokuhlola ukuhlola ukuthi okuqukethwe okubikwe emibhalweni yesimemezelo sentela kuyahambisana yini nokufika kwangempela kwezimpahla, ukuthi ingabe kukhona ukubikwa okungeyikho, ukweqiwa, ukufihlwa, ukubika okungamanga, njll., kanye nokubuyekeza ukuthi ukungenisa kanye ukuthekelisa kwempahla kusemthethweni.
Ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla ngamasiko kuzokwenziwa ngesikhathi nendawo eshiwo ngamasiko.Uma kunezizathu ezikhethekile, amasiko angathumela abasebenzi ukuba bayobuza ngaphandle kwesikhathi nendawo ebekiwe ngemvume yangaphambili yamasiko.Abafake izicelo kufanele bahlinzeke ngezokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokulala futhi bazikhokhele.
Lapho i-Customs ihlola izimpahla, umamukeli kanye nomthumeli wezimpahla noma ama-ejenti azo kudingeka ukuthi abe khona futhi abe nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla, ukuqaqa kanye nokuhlola ukupakishwa kwempahla ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenkambiso.Lapho amasiko ekubona kudingekile, angase ahlole, aphinde ahlole noma athathe amasampula ezimpahla.Umgcini wezimpahla uzoba khona njengofakazi.
Lapho kuhlolwa izimpahla, uma izimpahla ezihlolwayo zonakalisiwe ngenxa yesibopho sezikhulu zentela, amasiko azokhokhela iqembu elithintekayo ngokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okuqondile ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo.Indlela yesinxephezelo: Isiphathimandla sentela kufanele sigcwalise ngokweqiniso “Umbiko Wemikhuba Yabantu YeRiphabhulikhi Yabantu Yabantu baseShayina Wokuhlolwa Kwempahla Nezinto Ezilimele” uyimpinda, futhi isikhulu esihlolayo kanye neqembu elithintekayo bazosayina futhi bagcine ikhophi eyodwa ngayinye.Izinhlangothi zombili zivumelana ngokuhlanganyela ngezinga lomonakalo wezimpahla noma izindleko zokulungisa (uma kunesidingo, kunganqunywa ngesitifiketi sokuhlolwa esikhishwe isikhungo sommeli), futhi inani lesinxephezelo linqunywa ngokusekelwe enkokhelweni yentela. inani elivunywe amasiko.Ngemuva kokuthi inani lesinxephezelo selinqunyiwe, I-Customs izogcwalisa futhi ikhiphe “Isaziso Sesinxephezelo Sempahla Elimele kanye Nezindatshana Zenkambiso Ye-People's Republic of China”.Kusukela ngosuku lokwamukela “Isaziso”, iqembu liyothola isinxephezelo ku-Customs, zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu noma lazise Amasiko e-akhawunti yasebhange ukuthi adluliselwe , Amasiko Adlulelwe yisikhathi ngeke esanxephezela.Zonke izinxephezelo zizokhokhwa nge-RMB.
(3) Ukukhishwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle
Ngesimemezelo sendabuko sokungenisa nokuthekelisa kwezimpahla, ngemva kokubuyekeza amadokhumenti esimemezelo sentela, ukuhlola izimpahla zangempela, kanye nokudlula ezimisweni zokuqoqwa kwentela noma ukuncishiswa kwentela kanye nokukhululwa, umnikazi wezimpahla noma umenzeli wakhe angasayina uphawu lokukhululwa ku- imibhalo efanele.Thatha noma uthumele izimpahla.Kuleli qophelo, ukugadwa kweCustoms kwezimpahla ezingenayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle kuthathwa njengokuphelile.
Ukwengeza, uma ukungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa izimpahla zidinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile ngamasiko ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, zingafaka isicelo kumasiko ukuze zikhishwe ngesiqinisekiso.Amasiko anemithethonqubo ecacile mayelana nobubanzi kanye nendlela yokuqinisekisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-14-2022